This function analytically calculates the dipole emission properties of an unpatterned multilayer stack. For structures that can be reduced to 1D this is technique is much more efficient than running fully vectorial simulations with FDTD.
For more information on the theory behind this approach, see Stack dipole half-space example. The radiance is calculated via the equation. Results returned are the luminescence \( (cd/m^2) \) and radiance \( (W/steradian/m^2) \) as a function of emission angle, as well as the corresponding X, Y, Z tri-stimulus values, assuming current density of 1 \( A/m^2\). The CIE 1931 color functions [1] are used for calculating X, Y, Z.
$$
\text {stackdipole}(\theta)=\int_{\lambda}(j \times e f \times st) \left(\frac{r d \times F_{r a d}(\theta, \lambda)}{r d \times F(\lambda)+(1-r d)}\right) \left(\text {photon probability}(\lambda) \times E_{ph}(\lambda)\right) d \lambda
$$
References
[1] CIE Proceedings (1932), 1931. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stackdipole is a component of the STACK product, and requires a STACK license. To run the command, you will also need access to any of Lumerical's products that have a GUI. STACK is most frequently used with FDTD, but this command can also be called from Lumerical's other products.
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Syntax |
Description |
|---|---|
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dipole_emission = stackdipole(n,d,f,z,dipole_spec, orientation,res,direction, ef,st,rd); |
Analytically calculates the dipole emission properties of a multi-layer stack |
|
Parameter |
Default value |
Type |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
n |
required |
vector |
Refractive index of each layer. Size is either N_layers, or N_layers x length(f) if dispersive materials are involved. |
|
|
d |
required |
vector |
Thickness of each layer. Size is N_layers. |
|
|
f |
required |
vector |
Frequency vector. |
|
|
z |
required |
vector |
Position of the dipoles (0 is the bottom of the stack). Size is N_dipoles. |
|
|
dipole_spec |
required |
vector |
Dipole spectrum. This is treated as a power intensity distribution, integrated by midpoint rule in wavelength. The photon probability distribution is calculated by normalizing dipole_spec/f. Size is N_dipoles x length(f). |
|
|
orientation |
optional |
"rand" |
cell of strings |
Orientation of the dipoles. Accepts string or cell array as 'orientation' argument with values:
Size is N_dipoles. |
|
res |
optional |
1000 |
number |
The resolution for far field emission angle. |
|
direction |
optional |
1 |
number |
Choice of far field half space, this can be +1 (top) or -1 (bottom). |
|
ef |
optional |
1 |
vector |
The exciton fraction. The default value is 1, which means that every carrier results in an exciton. Size is N_dipoles. |
|
st |
optional |
0.25 |
vector |
The singlet exciton fraction. The default value is 0.25, which means that there are 3 spin triplets per spin singlet. Size is N_dipoles. |
|
rd |
optional |
1 |
vector |
The relative decay rate. The default value is 1, which means that every singlet exciton results in a photon and there is no contribution from non-radiative decay processes. Size is N_dipoles. |
Example
### Use stackdipole to calculate the radiated power of a dipole source in a dielectric half space. # geometry: halfspace of material n1 and n2 n1 = 1.5; # lower halfspace n2 = 1.0; # upper halfspace
# source: monochrome 500nm dipole # position: in material n2 delta nm from interface wavelength = 500e-9; delta = 80e-9;
# angular_res: resolution for emission angle (farfield angle) angular_res = 173;
# set-up for STACK command n = [n1; n2]; #STACK optical properties d = [0, 2*delta]; #STACK geometric properties f = [c/wavelength]; #STACK frequency points z = [delta]; #STACK dipole position spectrum = [1.0]; #STACK dipole spectrum
result_unpol = stackdipole(n,d,f,z,spectrum,"rand",angular_res); result_Vert = stackdipole(n,d,f,z,spectrum,"vert",angular_res); result_Horz = stackdipole(n,d,f,z,spectrum,"horz",angular_res); plot(result_unpol.theta,result_unpol.radiance,"emission angle (degrees)","power/steradian (W/steradian/m^2)","unpolarized"); plot(result_Vert.theta,result_Vert.radiance,"emission angle (degrees)","power/steradian (W/steradian/m^2)","vertical P orientation"); plot(result_Horz.theta,result_Horz.radiance,"emission angle (degrees)","power/steradian (W/steradian/m^2)","horizontal P orientation");
# calculate power sin_theta = sin(pi/180*result_unpol.theta); #integrate power theta 0-pi/2 and phi 0-2pi ?total_power_pVert_upward = (0.5*pi)*(2*pi)*integrate(sin_theta*result_Vert.radiance,1,linspace(0,1,angular_res));
See Also
Stack optical solver overview, stackrt, stackfield, stackpurcell, Stack dipole half-space, OLED slab mode analysis